Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? The march was intended to bring about a kind of spiritual renewal among Black men and to instill in them a sense of solidarity and of personal responsibility to improve their own condition. The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. In May 1961, CORE sent seven African Americans and six white Americans on a freedom ride on two buses from Washington, D.C. The nine Black students entered the school under heavily armed guard, marking the first time since Reconstruction that federal troops had provided protection for Black Americans against racial violence. From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. Antislavery northernersmany of them free Black peoplehad begun helping enslaved people escape from southern plantations to the North via a loose network of safe houses as early as the 1780s called the Underground Railroad. At its conclusion, King quoted an old Negro spiritual: Free at last! How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? Cities in the East and West increased in population. The church bombing was the third in 11 days after the federal government had ordered the integration of Alabamas school system. Which Reconstruction-era political group came from the North to the South to influence politics? The King case was eventually tried in the suburb of Simi Valley, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty. . Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? Free at last! Robinson played his first game with the Dodgers on April 15, 1947; he led the National League in stolen bases that season, earning Rookie of the Year honors. On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered its verdict in Brown v. Board of Education, ruling unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th Amendments mandate of equal protection of the laws of the U.S. Constitution to any person within its jurisdiction. A)boarded trains for the West. On February 1, 1960, four Black students from the Agricultural and Technical College in Greensboro, North Carolina, sat down at the lunch counter in a local branch of Woolworths and ordered coffee. Many western territories began to apply for statehood between the 1860s and 1900. A year earlier, Representative Shirley Chisholm of New York became a national symbol of both movements as the first major party African American candidate and the first female candidate for president of the United States. US Representative Shirley Chisholm of Brooklyn announces her entry for Democratic nomination for the presidency, at the Concord Baptist Church in Brooklyn, New York on January 25, 1972. No one knows where they areperhaps freezing to death. The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. (b) Why is the formation and movement of the mud especially strange? Throughout his long career, Jackson has inspired both admiration and criticism for his tireless efforts on behalf of the Black community and his outspoken public persona. the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops, Some American Indian people on the Great Plains lived in buildings like those shown here because. On May 18, 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson, a case that represented the first major test of the meaning of the 14th Amendments provision of full and equal citizenship to African Americans. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work, Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map, The southern pacific railroad contributed to the growth of cities like San Francisco and los Angeles, Which of the following directly contributed to the trend shown on the chart, Rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s, How did the business of farming change from the 1860s through the 1890s, Freight rates fell but so did wheat prices, The plains Indians reaction to the sand creek massacre ultimately resulted in, A new treaty agreement that relocated the plains Indians to reservations in Oklahoma, Why did southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as reconstruction came to an end, Which detail in the photo was influenced by vaqueros, How did George Weatinghouse contribute to railroad transportation, His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster, How was the tragedy by Wounded Knee related to the Ghost Dance, Groups of Lakota left reservations after the banning of the Ghost Dance, and soldiers killed many of them at Wounded Knee, The main reason for the attack on the tribes under Sitting Bull was to, Show that Custer could defeat a larger group of Lakota and Cheyenne, Which of the following phrases might a Republican congressman have used to describe President Johnson's Reconstruction plan, According to this passage, how did the Dred Scott decision help inspire the 14th Amendment, The Dred Scott decision said that African Americans were not citizens, so the amendment defined citizenship to include them, Based on this selection, which policy would the Populists' Party be most likely to support, Regulating railroads rates to help farmers, What event in the history of the west in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give this speech, The defeat of Native American people's by United States troops, What pattern can you find in share cropping as shown on this map, In Georgia and South Carolina share cropping was more common in inland areas than coastal areas, Based on the information shown, why might some Southern Democrats have disputed the election of Rutherford B. Hayes as President of the United States, What happened in 1876 that caused the dramatic change shown on this graph, The end of reconstruction hurt republicans in South Carolina, How did coal production in the south change after the civil war, Which of the following tasks did the Freedmen's Bureau consider essential to its mission, Some Native Americans on the Great Plains lived in buildings like those shown here because, Which best describes what might have happened to the mining town pictured to cause it to be so desolate, It became a ghost town after the mines stopped producing, Under the black codes put into place in southern states after after the civil war which of the following rights was protected for African Americans, Which of the following most likely describes the perspective of the person who made this illustration, Why did Southern states adopt literacy tests, poll taxes and grandfather clause, What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following in the civil war, Cities in the east and west increased in population, Why did miners in the west create groups of vigilantes, How was Lincoln's ten percent plan different from the proposed Wade-David Bill, The Wade-Davis Bill banned confederate volunteers from voting; Lincoln's plan did not, Why did republicans in congress attempt to impeach president Andrew Jackson, They disagreed over plans for reconstruction. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-milestones. Rickey signed Robinson to a Dodgers farm team that same year and two years later moved him up, making Robinson the first African American player to play on a major league team. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. The First Challenge: The Family Unit. -J.P. Morgan On May 17, 1876, Lieutenant Colonel Custer led the 750 men of the 7th United States Cavalry Regiment out of Fort Abraham Lincoln, Dakota Territory. Despite his success on the field, however, he encountered hostility from both fans and other players. B. . The 15th Amendment, adopted in 1870, guaranteed that a citizens right to vote would not be deniedon account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. During Reconstruction, Black Americans won election to southern state governments and even to the U.S. Congress. Their commander, Captain Benjamin O. Davis Jr., later became one of the first African American generals (his fatherGeneral Benjamin O. Davis Sr.was the first). The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. How is the poem an analogy? Quickly encircled by their enemy, the five companies [groups of soliders] under Custer's immediate command were slaughtered in less than an hour. In early 1965, Martin Luther King Jr.s Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) made Selma, Alabama, the focus of its efforts to register Black voters in the South. Preamble to the Platform of the Populist Party A. The accused killer, a white man named James Earl Ray, was captured and tried immediately; he entered a guilty plea and was sentenced to 99 years in prison; no testimony was heard. The Plains Indians' reaction to the Sand Creek Massacre ultimately resulted in. The New York Times.Timeline of Murder Trial of Amber Guyger. to ensure a complex business ran smoothly. [It] is evident [obvious] that the state, and if necessary the nation, has got to possess the right of supervision and control as regards the great corporations which are its creatures; particularly as regards the great business combinations [corporations] which derive [develop] a portion of their importance from the existence of some monopolistic tendency [desire for no competition]. What is an example of how Radical Republicans sought to achieve their goals? The railroads provided jobs for settlers. They were unwilling to give up the minimal gains that had been made during the war. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! By the end of the 1950s, African Americans had begun to be admitted in small numbers to white colleges and universities in the South without too much incident. It was left to Lyndon Johnson (not previously known for his support of civil rights) to push the Civil Rights Actthe most far-reaching act of legislation supporting racial equality in American historythrough Congress in June 1964. Studies indicate the median white family in the United States holds more than ten times the wealth of the median African American family. Clashes ensued between the Panthers and police in California, New York and Chicago, and in 1967 Newton was convicted of voluntary manslaughter after killing a police officer. In what area did airplanes first prove to be of practical value? What event in the history of the West in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give his famous speech? Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? After wards he gave what speech? What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting illustrate? The Black Lives Matter movement gained renewed attention on September 25, 2016, when San Francisco 49ers players Eric Reid, Eli Harold, and quarterback Colin Kaepernick kneeled during the national anthem before the game against the Seattle Seahawks to draw attention to recent acts of police brutality. How did the use of horses change the way American Indians hunted? In October 1995, hundreds of thousands of Black men gathered in Washington, D.C. for the Million Man March, one of the largest demonstrations of its kind in the capitals history. READ MORE: How Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition Championed Diversity. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. The University of California at Davis, for example, designated 16 percent of its medical schools admissions spots for minority applicants. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Three days later, two white menthe womans husband, Roy Bryant, and his half-brother, J.W. On March 21, after a U.S. district court ordered Alabama to permit the Selma-Montgomery march, some 2,000 marchers set out on the three-day journey, this time protected by U.S. Army troops and Alabama National Guard forces under federal control. What negative impact did the steel mills have? High out-of-wedlock birth rates, absent fathers, and the lack of a family support network for many young African-Americans have led to serious problems in America's urban areas. C. They increased an owners control over enslaved African, A. Draw a line under the subject. To ensure a complex business ran smoothly. As a young man, Jesse Jackson left his studies at the Chicago Theological Seminary to join Martin Luther King Jr.s Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in its crusade for Black civil rights in the South; when King was assassinated in Memphis in April 1968, Jackson was at his side. -Terence Powderly, President of the Knights of Labor C) In the, states could limit voting rights in elections more African Americans could go to school segregation kept the races apart or separate sharecropping helped poor blacks own land, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. Milamdragged Till from his great uncles house in the middle of the night. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. Based on the text on the banners, which workers' issue most likely prompted this protest demonstration? There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. A.Antietam Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. The New Yorker.The Hashtag Black Lives Matter. 1 is B. Instead, he urged followers to defend themselves against white aggression by any means necessary. Mounting tensions between Malcolm and NOI founder Elijah Muhammad led Malcolm to form his own mosque in 1964. It is cold and we have no blankets. B.14th Amendment Parks refused and was arrested for violating the citys racial segregation ordinances, which mandated that Black passengers sit in the back of public buses and give up their seats for white riders if the front seats were full. Though she failed to win a primary, Chisholm received more than 150 votes at the Democratic National Convention. The movement swelled to a critical juncture on May 25, 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic when 46-year-old George Floyd died after being handcuffed and pinned to the ground by police officer Derek Chauvin. C. In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers. In what area did airplanes first prove to be of practical value? Born in rural Mississippi to a poor unwed teenage mother, Winfrey got her start in television news before taking over a morning talk show in Chicago in 1984. -Terence Powderly, President of the Knights of Labor How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? He delivered a rousing keynote speech at that years Democratic National Convention, attracting national attention with his eloquent call for national unity and cooperation across party lines. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist, How the 1876 Election Effectively Ended Reconstruction, Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948, Why Eisenhower Sent the 101st Airborne to Little Rock After Brown v. Board, Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America, How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement, Follow the Freedom Riders' Journey Against Segregation, 7 Things You May Not Know About MLKs I Have a Dream Speech, Voting Rights in the United States: Timeline, How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation, 'Unbought and Unbossed': Why Shirley Chisholm Ran for President, How Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition Championed Diversity. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). Perhaps the most striking phenomenon, however, was the rise of Oprah Winfrey. D)started getting paid by planters. Browns men, including several Black people, captured and held the arsenal until federal and state governments sent troops and were able to overpower them. When Meredith arrived at Ole Miss under the protection of federal forces including U.S. marshals, a mob of more than 2,000 people formed on the Oxford, Mississippi campus. Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? What was one effect of the Haymarket Riot? As white southerners gradually reestablished civil authority in the former Confederate states in 1865 and 1866, they enacted a series of laws known as the Black Codes, which were designed to restrict freed Black peoples activity and ensure their availability as a labor force. In August 1831, Nat Turner struck fear into the hearts of white Southerners by leading the only effective slave rebellion in U.S. history. Some 186,000 Black soldiers would join the Union Army by the time the war ended in 1865, and 38,000 lost their lives. Rage over the verdict sparked the four days of the L.A. riots, beginning in the mostly Black South Central neighborhood. By the early 1970s, SNCC was effectively disbanded. African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. Five days after the bloody Union victory at Antietam in September, he issued a preliminary emancipation proclamation; on January 1, 1863, he made it official that enslaved people within any State, or designated part of a State in rebellion, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free. Lincoln justified his decision as a wartime measure, and as such he did not go so far as to free enslaved people in the border states loyal to the Union, an omission that angered many abolitionists. Though he largely stayed out of the political spotlight after stepping down, Powell remained an admired figure in Washington and beyond. B. By 1885, most southern states had laws requiring separate schools for Black and white students, and by 1900, persons of color were required to be separated from white people in railroad cars and depots, hotels, theaters, restaurants, barber shops and other establishments. Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? Later, SNCC would mount an organized resistance to the Vietnam War. After a few weeks, employers met union demands for better pay and shorter hours. Republicans disagreed with President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan. Obamas appearances in both the primaries and the general election drew impressive crowds, and his message of hope and changeembodied by the slogan Yes We Caninspired thousands of new voters, many young and Black, to cast their vote for the first time in the historic election. The expansion of major rail lines linking the West and the East enabled people and supplies to move cheaply. Their growing influence greatly dismayed many white southerners, who felt control slipping ever further away from them. Which factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for president, I met more discrimination as a woman than for being Black. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. The last leader to appear was the Baptist preacher Martin Luther King Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), who spoke eloquently of the struggle facing Black Americans and the need for continued action and nonviolent resistance. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. b. The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. READ MORE: 7 Things You May Not Know About MLKs I Have a Dream Speech. In subsequent decisions over the next decades, the Court limited the scope of affirmative action programs, while several U.S. states prohibited racially based affirmative action. Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. By the mid 1970s, many universities were seeking to increase the presence of minority and female faculty and students on their campuses. to encourage Native Americans to adopt the ways of Americans. By 1900, the unwritten color line barring Black players from white teams in professional baseball was strictly enforced. We want a minimum wage established, but we want it established by the solidarity [unity] of the working men themselves.We must not, we cannot, depend upon legislative enactments [authorizations] to set wage standards. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. A. Walker, who was the first U.S. woman to become a self-made millionaire; George Washington Carver, who derived nearly 300 products from the peanut; Rosa read more, Womens history is full of trailblazers in the fight for equality in the United States. After an unsuccessful appeal to the League of Nations to settle a colony in Africa and failed negotiations with Liberia, Garvey announced the formation of the Empire of Africa in 1921, with himself as provisional president. On the night of October 16, 1859, he led a small band of less than 50 men in a raid against the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Oftexaggerated reports of the insurrectionsome said that hundreds of white people had been killedsparked a wave of anxiety across the South. From Abigail Adams imploring her husband to remember the ladies when envisioning a government for the American colonies, to suffragists like Susan B. Anthonyand Elizabeth Cady Stanton read more, Segregation is the practice of requiring separate housing, education and other services for people of color. In the spring of 1943, graduates of the first all-Black military aviation program, created at the Tuskegee Institute in 1941, headed to North Africa as the 99th Pursuit Squadron. Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. About 90 participants in the Montgomery Bus Boycott, including King, were indicted under a law forbidding conspiracy to obstruct the operation of a business. The practice of collective bargaining became more common. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . Which of the following contributed most to the trend shown on the chart? Giving American Indians land that would be useful for farming. During World War II, many African Americans were ready to fight for what President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the Four Freedomsfreedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from feareven while they themselves lacked those freedoms at home. What was the primary goal of the Dawes Act? After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. After the American Revolution, many colonistsparticularly in the North, where slavery was relatively unimportant to the agricultural economybegan to link the oppression of enslaved Africans. Congress outlawed the import of new enslaved people in 1808, but the enslaved population in the U.S. nearly tripled over the next 50 years, and by 1860 it had reached nearly 4 million, with more than half living in the cottonproducing states of the South. Caught on videotape by an onlooker and broadcast around the world, the beating inspired widespread outrage in the citys African American community, who had long condemned the racial profiling and abuse its members suffered at the hands of the police force. Most were denied the right to vote. The Voting Rights Act sought to overcome the legal barriers that still existed at the state and local levels preventing Black citizens from exercising the right to vote given them by the 15th Amendment. Mildred and Richard Loving were one of the first interracial couples legally married in the United States and their union marked a pivotal moment in marriage rights for mixed-race families. Martins death set off nationwide protests like the Million Hoodie March. The campaign for African American rightsusually referred to as the civil rights movement or the freedom movementwent forward in the 1940s and '50s in persistent and deliberate steps. Never brought to justice, Bryant and Milam later shared vivid details of how they killed Till with a journalist for Look magazine, which published their confessions under the headline The Shocking Story of Approved Killing in Mississippi.. Though it was difficult to enforce from state to state, especially with the growth of abolitionist feeling in the North, the law helped enshrine and legitimize slavery as an enduring American institution. As such, the ruling provoked serious resistance, including a Southern manifesto issued by southern congressmen denouncing it. to the end [result] that oppression, injustice, and poverty shall eventually cease in the land. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. The one was to consider myself as a manufacturer of dry plates and to perfect them as an end in itself. Why would it be important for railroads to use strong management techniques? In 1980, entrepreneur Robert L. Johnson founded Black Entertainment Television (BET), which he later sold to entertainment giant Viacom for some $3 billion.