Serotonin gets into the brain cells, and according to Michael unleashes A whole series of molecular events inside the cell. ], [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: To any drug-addicted woman who will agree to have no more babies. And at a time when you're not making the best decisions anyway. What they decided to do first was to try to figure out which rat was which, which meant, interestingly, counting all the legs. His example with humans was a blacksmith. I'm not saying that these women are dogs but they're not acting any more responsible than a dog in heat. Radiolab is supported in part by the National Science Foundation and by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. And he says, "This isn't a nuptial pad, it looks darkened but that's just ink.". PAT: Last I heard she was living on the streets in LA. JAD: I initially felt very hopeful and excited about this research because it seems to suggest that a body, one body can respond to an environment and change and be flexible in a way we didn't think was possible. Kalia came too. JAD: Stretching got into the baby. OLOV BYGREN: Methylations, phosphorylation, and so on. CARL ZIMMER: Yeah. JAD: Michael and Frances looked inside the brains of these rats and what they saw was that the rats who had been licked a lot as babies, they had more stuff in their head. Methyl groups are pretty sticky, they're hard to get off. Heart disease. I guess retard. Well, this is it! You picked him up right from the hospital? I'm graduating in December. He said, "If you were a boy, and you starve between the ages of 9 and 12, and then you went on to become a father, then a grandfather, your grandkids". Oh, that's a lot of potatoes. Lamarck said, You wanna know how a giraffe got its long neck?, One day this giraffe, mother giraffe, lets say, was looking up in the tree and saw some fruit, and had to stretch he neck, and stretch again. But if you've got a mom who licks you. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. BARBARA HARRIS: "She's born and tested positive for PCP crack and heroin." a rat mother licking her baby can have such a profound effect, basically change the expression of the genes in the baby, well that's hopeful. BARBARA HARRIS: And when I found out the bill didn't pass, I just thought, "I have to come up with something else. But it failed. Yeah. JAD: That's what good rat mothers do, they lick their babies a lot. MICHAEL MEANEY: Mom's licking activates serotonin. LATIF: Still, still standing. I mean, yes, I might get a great family, but I might not. And I've got say, I'm feeling pretty good about this show so far. JAD: That is impossible, so far as we know, but there seems to be this layer on top of the genes. PAT: For me, this whole story really shifted PAT: When I started spending some time with Destiny, Barbara's 22-year-old daughter. PAT: And I just felt like it was in one of those moments that contains everything that's good about us as people. She should be with me. BARBARA HARRIS: This is 750 and this is 200. JAD: [laughs] Youre just just judo, that's all this is. Well, he thought it might have been an assistant trying to frame him because he was Jewish. ], Like you said, when you were in your addiction like she is], I didn't say I'm God. That's a lot of people. Yeah, like you can help them overcome you. So, in the end, where do you come down on this? You're obviously a great mom, but that feels cold to me. The results are obvious to you. ], [ARCHIVAL Clip, Daytime Talkshow: I'd like everybody to meet, please, Barbara Harris. Frankly, this makes being 9, 10, 11, 12 like a rather crucial. He was just You know, most babies are kinda peaceful, he was never really peaceful. CARL ZIMMER: She is nine. As to diabetes, it was a four-fold risk. At once and we're watching 40 litters at a time. I'm Sam Kean's dad. Like Id be like, Weve got the keys, were gonna trash the house., Anyway, we think about that all the time and I was just talking to Lulu about that and she was just like, You know, theres a radiolab about this.. It is hosted by Lulu Miller and Latif Nasser. Did that scare you at all? ROBERT: That's Sam Kean again. You are not God. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: You have to look at one cage, say, are they licking? She said, "Thank you so much for the gift, I bought my son an excavator truck, remote control and some summer outfits." And when methyl groups stick to that part of the DNA, the maternal instinct is effectively turned off. They like to hang out in the water and the females like to lay eggs in the water. PAT: Who gave Destiny her first checkup told Barbara BARBARA HARRIS: That she was delayed and she was always going to be delayed because of her prenatal neglect. I mean like, with the licking, is it a teaching thing where, you know, the babies become good mothers because FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: They've seen it and they've repeated the experience. OLOV BYGREN: Something happens on the molecular level. Anyways, God bless you. Or is it? CARL ZIMMER: He was born in 1880 in Vienna, Jewish family. LYNN PALTROW: The women who I've worked with, who've had a history of drug problems, aren't like the examples that she gives. JAD: And thats wrong [laughs].Thats not how it works. Were just talking about toad, I thought. But the results are very clear. How old are your boys right now? You can do this. The question that was stuck in my head right then was, "If you could choose between being born knowing that your life might end up like that and not like it is now, or not been born at all, what would you have done?". Brain disease. You mean, if you had a starving grandfather, you would be a healthier boy for the because you had a starving grandfather? Yeah. CARL ZIMMER: And in1923, he actually comes to England. JAD: It makes a kind of common sense, really. You must have internet access to do this). And he would basically turn the heat way, way up in these aquariums until they had to go underwater. They suddenly had to get by on a tiny fraction of the food that they were used to. These are women who love their children, who sought help. 10 Controversial And Thought-Provoking 'Radiolab' Episodes. I make a difference to her. In my naive mind, I didn't have a clue what a big deal this was. That's what I remember her saying. SAM KEAN: Yeah, it was a very attractive theory to them in Moscow. ROBERT: Do you know anything about the other four? PAT: Destiny says one day, she and her mom were in the car, and her mom said DESTINY HARRIS: She said, "I don't know, you know, maybe they'll grow bigger? ], [ARCHIVAL CLIP, BARBARA HARRIS: Probably racist.]. I think what's weird here is that is that we started trying to make a difference in our children and now we're surprise attacked by our grandparents. Don't you see, somehow the mother's tongue is getting all the way down in there and going [mumbles] and messing with the baby's DNA. This whole toad thing, to the Darwinian faction, it didn't scan really. So much can happen after that. I already knew that if I ever got a little girl, I was going to name her Destiny. When they got another call from a social worker saying that same mother, Destiny's birth mother, had given birth to another child. JAD: Well, if a mother a rat mother licking her baby can have such a profound effect, basically change the expression of the genes in the baby, well that's hopeful. It's a little odd, actually. CARL ZIMMER: That's the kind of guy he is. Like. 2K views almost 2 years ago 48:23 Love it or hate it, the freedom to say obnoxious and subversive things is the quintessence of what makes America America. She's 20 months old. PAT: In this magazine article, Barbara even said, quote, "We don't allow dogs to breed. JAD: And I know I cant change those genes. Or is it? She asked my opinion and that's what I'm giving. PEJK MALINOVSKI: And we have a lot more grain here. And thats wrong [laughs].Thats not how it works. I'm almost done. It was just no baby should have to come into the world like that. US $53.6 Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for VCM II Main Cable VCM2 16pin Cable VCM 2 OBD2 Cable VCM ii IDS V101 Data Cable at the best online prices at Free shipping for many products [chuckles]. ROBERT: That's interesting. If your grandpa didn't starve, instead he lived through great times. The sperm carries these marks to the next generation. SAM KEAN: And he would basically turn the heat way, way up in these aquariums until they had to go underwater. You can't see that on the radio but, hey, it's a fact of life. Radiolab is on YouTube! Everybody we talked to seems to think there's something really interesting going on here. No, I've only had somebody call and say they regret that they didn't stay on birth control. And um BARBARA HARRIS: I had asked for a newborn, so when the social worker called me, she said, "I have this cute little baby girl for you but she's eight months old. Then she goes, "Oh wait, I didn't give birth to you. BARBARA HARRIS: Barbara Harris. And The other day someone was whistling and I was like, "Stop it", and it just hit me, I was like, "Oh God, I was him", it's never appeared until now. Edward Condon Session III American Institute of Physics. Nice, cool water. PAT: But she says she doesn't feel that way anymore. One parent stretching isnt going to do anything, see thats the bummer of Darwinian evolution. We'll just be honest. More brain cells? JAD: So its like grandpa's struggle is jumping forward and giving me a leg up? All these chemicals racing by crashing into it, sticking, and one of the bits that gets covered up is that little bit that makes the proteins that create a maternal instinct. fact checked by Jamie Frater. CARL ZIMMER: Around 1908, he started publishing all of these results. JAD: So now, the genes can make the proteins that make the rats a good mom? PAT: So by now it's 1994, and Barbara is thinking PAT: You know? Well, I mean, Hitler thought that if you were Jewish, that you had given up the right to be a mother and hed sterilize people as well. Whole lifetime of stretching. They told me a bunch of these stories, one of them involving, well DESTINY HARRIS: I don't have the biggest boobies in the world. Like shed give the women a choice. But I take it that we have more control over our destinies and our kids' destinies than we would've thought. Can you say oh my goodness? Yes, he was retarded. A couple of days later, I had already bonded with her so much, it was as if I gave birth to her. Do you know anything about the other four? Because we had already had to upgrade from a car to a van, from a condo to a home. PAT: And I told Destiny I was thinking about this and asked her about it. PAT: Yeah. What a name, you've got to like this guy. They decided to explore this question. Which I find kind of hard to believe but, then again, I must have read at least 100 news articles as I was reporting this story. ROBERT: Well, lets not get too excited too fast because we have a story to tell and this tale leaves me a little queasy. They could eat twice, three times as much. All rights reserved. You just haven't evolved for this and there's no way you can, at least not quickly. Really slowly, gradually, achingly slowly. When you first hear about this, what goes through your mind? BARBARA HARRIS: Aw, you blew him a kiss? It's only the mechanisms are not so clear. Have you ever had someone call or write you and say that they regret their decision? SAM KEAN: And so, they just had to hold on for the entire winter. PAT: This, of course, is Destiny. OLOV BYGREN: Well, for cardiovascular disease JAD: Olov told us, take heart disease. He stuffed himself silly; 9, 10, 11 years old, so he's a happy grandpa, you the grandson, you then would have. The results make it probable that our descendants will learn more quickly what we know well, will execute more easily what we have accomplished with great effort, will be able to withstand what injured us almost to the point of death. CARL ZIMMER: mouse or rat? You got to help boost if you had a starving grandfather. That, in a sort of ass backward way was Michael's question. I mean, they didn't have porridge. You know, inside these cells, in the center, coiled up in little spools, is the DNA. Then, Carl told us about this research that showed Well, he couldn't quite remember the details. They have found very similar effects for smoking, for instance. This was a really radical place at the time because you have to remember that people studying animals up till now, they were basically studying preserved specimens, and so on. Once their born, their genes are fixed and change does not happen in a generation or two. ROBERT: Well, that's the good news, but unfortunately there is some bad news here. BARBARA HARRIS: I decided to have a press conference in my front yard to announce what I was doing. What do I know? FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: You have to do that for five hours a day for six consecutive days. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. JAD: If they see methyl groups sitting on that bit of DNA, they are pissed. Okay, well of them, don't really know what happened to her. And if you haven't, you can choose to have an IUD, or an implant put in which will last for several years. He's not even eating at all. They lived longer lives, something like 30 years on average. I just got custody of my eight-year-old son. And youre saying that part of the DNA is covered up? His reputation was that he could get inside the mind of, say, a salamander and know just what it wanted to eat. Birth mother's name was actually the same as me, so, Barbara. Let me say this again. They decided to explore this question, They thought, "Let's just see if we can figure out how it is the rat mothers pass down their parenting skills?". He said, "If you were a boy, and you starve between the ages of 9 and 12, and then you went on to become a father, then a grandfather, your grandkids". That's a lot of people. At the Vivarium, as the name suggests, they have live animals. ROBERT: What does it look like? Yeah. ROBERT: Meaning that they had less incidence of heart disease? PAT: The way she saw it, the state, the federal government, somebody BARBARA HARRIS: Should say, "You're not doing this. Well think about it, this is nature and nurture slamming into each other. The results make it probable that our descendants will learn more quickly what we know well, will execute more easily what we have accomplished with great effort, will be able to withstand what injured us almost to the point of death. JAD: Turning down a job that they'd offered him. ROBERT: You wonder, where did that come from? JAD: In those books you can read everything about the citizens of verkalix, going back hundreds of years. That is a bad way to start a kid's life but that's just the beginning of the kid's life. CARL ZIMMER: She carries your kids for nine months and you're like, "That poor male toad.". My name is Jean Kean. The lady knew why we were there. PAT: Because she says as soon as she saw Destiny BARBARA HARRIS: Sat her on my lap, with her little dress on and her little curly hair. You just haven't evolved for this and there's no way you can, at least not quickly. This is from 2002. They wanted to see basically the effects of starvation on multiple generations. It's just a mind crushing tedium. If . It's a small forest area, very beautiful. And he said, "Barbara, I'm not buying a school bus." And so, they bring MICHAEL MEANEY: A lot of friends to the party. There's going to be this massacre of toads and only a few lucky ones are going to survive. JAD: Anyhow, so you got this guy, Paul Kammerer, who's good with animals. After I've gotten to know so many of the women. I'm going to graduate with honors and one day I'm going to be able to tell her, "Look, I did this. How much of you will echo into the future and how much of you won't? SAM KEAN: And these effects, in fact, were so strong that you could trace it to the grandfather. SAM KEAN: In a little community called verkalix. MICHAEL MEANEY: I think the Swedish data are really, really strong, and very reliable. Let me say this again. Hi, this is Will, calling from Northumberland, England. CARL ZIMMER: Just until they hatch and then 'til they go off. JAD: I mean, were not gonna do that ourselves. So we're going to leave you with a story from our producer, Pat Walters, about one woman's radical A few months ago, Pat made his way down in North Carolina, to a small suburb outside of Charlotte to visit this family. ROBERT: Okay. And he was going through withdrawal. Darwin's theory would have said, you know, 90% of the toads are going to die. LATIF: This is Radiolab. JAD: Look, in the end, what do I know? JAD: Yeah, like you can help them overcome you. Its gonna get messy. CARL ZIMMER: It all came down to this jar with his toad in it. I think I was really horrified and terrified. Nobody has a right to do that to a baby. ROBERT: Remind me this. If you have a starving daddy, it turns out that the baby actually gets some sort of health benefit. "She's born and tested positive for PCP crack and heroin." All jokes aside. JAD: Lamarck said, You wanna know how a giraffe got its long neck?, JAD: One day this giraffe, mother giraffe, lets say, was looking up in the tree and saw some fruit, and had to stretch he neck, and stretch again. And in 1989, when the story we're telling now started, she was living in California, in Orange County. LYNN PALTROW: Tell me what your image of a drug-using pregnant woman is. It's a guided audio tour through cities where Radiolab Ken Burns and others. PAT: Because when a woman uses heroin while she's pregnant, the fetus gets hooked on it too. That's interesting. And Destiny says she doesn't really care DESTINY HARRIS: I got these genes from somewhere, but I kind of feel like she was a surrogate, like she carried me for my real mom. I wont say too much more except it includes one of my favorite kind of scientific parables that like Ive ever heard. But, this hour were gonna fight this sort of sad sack feeling of inevitability and impotence. DESTINY HARRIS: Yes. ROBERT: So, the thought is, when those little boys in verkalix were really, really hungry, their hunger started a chemical process that reached all the way down to the DNA inside the boy's sperm. TRANSCRIPTS. That's a lot of people. JAD: Don't you see, somehow the mother's tongue is getting all the way down in there and going [mumbles] and messing with the baby's DNA. In pictures, he has that, you know, that crazy Einstein fuzzy hair thing. Yeah. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: Why? And they had more. ROBERT: Or how much humidity it preferred. We need to oblige the constraints of WNYC copyright arrangements and apologise for any inconveniences caused. Over the past five years, if you look at our tax return. Then, Carl told us about this research that showed JAD: Well, he couldn't quite remember the details. If the genes are the bottom floor, then this layer on top is sometimes called the epigenome and that thing can change based on your experiences. Yes, but creating an assumption that there is a class of people who don't deserve to procreate, who aren't worthy of procreating the human race, leads you down a path that we should have great concern about. Because while you might have a lot of influence, you know, genetically speaking, over your kids and their kids, you don't seem to have a lot of control. JAD: He works at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden where he studies population data. So. How do these simple little traits get passed forward? They all go down to the DNA, surround that methyl and just, pow! That you can, somehow, by just being nice to them, reading them stories, or whatever, that you can somehow break them free of all that. His famous example was giraffes. DESTINY HARRIS: Oh my goodness. Michael and Frances looked inside the brains of these rats and what they saw was that the rats who had been licked a lot as babies, they had more stuff in their head. OLOV BYGREN: It was very interesting discovery. Then she goes, "Oh wait, I didn't give birth to you. CARL ZIMMER: You're now hearing Lamarck's name invoked these days because there are things beyond genes that we pass down to our children. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: You know, you've got all these chemicals around. CARL ZIMMER: Enhancing public understanding of science and technology CHARLOTTE ZIMMER: in the modern world. You just have to weigh it, is it worth it? [ARCHIVAL Clip, Panel: You don't think that they should have their children back?]. We actually sent our friend, Pejk Malinovski, to the archives in Stockholm to check it out. And Barbara and Destiny walked me out to my car. LYNN PALTROW: Are there people whose drug use is so out of control they can't parent? CARL ZIMMER: But but theres like some hope here because JAD: Okay, all right, this is interesting. But were getting ahead of ourselves here. So much can happen after that. Full disclosure, she's Robert's sister's partner. And it just so happens this town is a perfect place to dig. JAD: I find myself thinking like, Okay, I know these kids have their genes half from me, half from my wife. I just didn't think. You are not God. I said, "This will be the last one. JAD: Now the Sweden story from our last segment left us both feeling a little strange. That, in a sort of ass backward way was Michael's question. On the one hand, she says, immediately, cheques started arriving. You have to do that for five hours a day for six consecutive days. Is it a big town? Its something I still think about all the time. I mean, the idea that they could be constrained by their DNA, that maybe one of us gave them a bit of DNA thats gonna hold them back? JAD: It's off-limits. And he was going through withdrawal. By all accounts a pretty good-looking guy. The bit of DNA that will give this baby when it grows up the instincts to be nice to its baby, and lick that baby. And I didn't find a single case of someone saying that they regretted what they've done. Move on to the next cage yes, no? He was mighty skeptical. You're finishing college, right? Meaning that they had less incidence of heart disease? And when she had a baby. Are you nine? BARBARA HARRIS: He wasn't a little happy baby. What happens when moms lick their pups is that the pup beccomes aroused. JAD: And what about the four kids that weren't raised with Barbara? ROBERT: So what is the licking doing then? Birth mother's name was actually the same as me, so, Barbara. I just didnt think. Here, Kammerer's was saying, "You can do this even on a physical level.". And then they're going to basically revel at that particular spot and turn on that gene. And she's a complete nut. JAD: We ended up talking to the guy who did the work. So the great rat nightmare comes true where the females become their mothers. I don't think that puts me in the same category as Hitler. Radiolab is on YouTube! PAT: And she says oftentimes the women who want help have a really hard time finding it. You're finishing college, right? CARL ZIMMER: More information about Sloan at JAD: Yeah, we're exploring questions of lwhat can you pass down to your kids and their kids? It might be a mixture. [ARCHIVAL Clip, Daytime Talkshow: You know what they're going to go do with that money. PAT: If Barbara had gotten to Destiny's birth mom, Destiny, Kalia, this moment, none of it would exist. And you have to bear in mind that at this point, it only had one hand left. Its just That's just how I've always looked at it. And that's when things would start to get out of control. ROBERT: One-fourth? JAD: And at first, it didn't go so well because, you know, if you're a land toad and you're trying to have sex in the water, it's kind of hard. BARBARA HARRIS: And I knew that the only way I was going to get a daughter was if I went and became a foster parent and asked for one. It goes back to the 1800s. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: Not usually because it upsets people and I'm Canadian. ROBERT: Inheritance, what you can move on to the next generation and what you can't. I'm Executive Director and Founder of National Advocates for Pregnant Women. And if you were eating a whole lot between 9 and 12, one-quarter. These were kids that didn't end up with Barbara? You got to kick it back. SAM KEAN: Very easily. ], I'd like everybody to meet, please, Barbara Harris. Now, according to Carl, your genes are still fixed. CARL ZIMMER: And when it came time to mate, the males and the females, they would mate in the water. We inherited this beloved show that we first fell in love with as listeners. JAD: His big idea, as you might know, is that what a person does in their lifetime could be directly passed to their kids. She carries your kids for nine months and you're like, "That poor male toad.". I could have turned out like some of the other kids. When Emil gets to be eight, I'm cutting him off. He was a born nurturer and he adored animals. Radiolab is on YouTube! This was a really radical place at the time because you have to remember that people studying animals up till now, they were basically studying preserved specimens, and so on. [chuckles]. She's 22 now and she's never even met her birth mom. Here's what Olov says he found in the data. The show is known for innovative sound design, smashing information into music. One time, and I'm on flighter. CARL ZIMMER: So they can grab onto the female and hold tight while they're mating. JAD: So imagine the DNA in that brain cell. SAM KEAN: Because theyre reaching for the tops of trees. That doesn't matter. According to Frances, it's not just sitting up there perfectly preserved, it's in the middle of the cell, it's crowded. And, you know, there was kind of antisemitism growing at this time, so he thought that someone had framed him, and six weeks after Nobel published his results in Nature, Kammerer sent a letter to Moscow. The reason they're more aroused is that the mom's licking activates the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the pup. He thought that you could kind of engineer societies by changing the environment. He was born in 1880 in Vienna, Jewish family. So moms licking activates serotonin, and it's released onto brain cells in the hippocampus. Yes. That's my little girl. Once their born, their genes are fixed and change does not happen in a generation or two. You know, when smart people say, you know, "There's no such thing as nature and nurture it's only interaction of the two," You're like, "What the hell does that mean?" like they could be whistling six tables over in a restaurant and he would turn around and be like, "Stop that," it was like it was scraping his very nerves. DESTINY HARRIS: As you can see, I like to talk. JEAN KEAN: My name is Jean Kean. Radiolab: From Tree to Shining Tree LISTEN Three guests: Suzanne Simard, a professor of forest ecology and teacher at the University of British Columbia, Jennifer Frazer, a science writer that has a blog called The Artful Amoeba, and Roy Halling, a mycologist. You've got these toads who hate water. Including a particular amphibian that plays a very big part in this story. I just saw them as child abusers. JAD: Thanks to Olov Bygren, reporter Pejk Malinovski and KARIN BORGKVIST LJUNG: Karin Borgkvist Ljung, and I'm a senior archivist at the National Archive in Marieberg in Stockholm. Once a kid is born, their genetic fate is pretty much sealed. Radiolab is on a curiosity bender. I said, "This will be the last one. So then over the next 70 some odd years, Lamarck basically became the poster boy for, like, the big dumb idea, the idea that you want to believe in but that you know isn't true. But it failed. Because you begin with a mother's lick that ends up with a deep, deep change in the baby, not just the good, warm, fuzzy feeling, but a fundamental shift in who that baby is, and who that baby will be. I feel that they should all be sterilized. Please welcome Barbara.]. Thank you so much for your interest in Radiolab. She and I snuck away from the children into her office. More of this particular protein. I mean, when you look at the records, you don't see huge spikes in mortality. KARIN BORGKVIST LJUNG: Jans Olaf, Hanna Kaiser, Heinrik Venvei. Kammerer thought, "Wow. Because there is more data, more information about the people of verkalix, going farther back into the past than you can find almost anywhere else on Earth. And eventually, over the millenia, what youd get, is a creature with a very long neck. It's just a mind crushing tedium. When Kammerer published his results initially, a bunch of scientists immediately began to say CARL ZIMMER: "Wait a minute, hold on here, it would be nice if life was like that but life isn't like that. And she says, one day, this idea just came to her. SAM KEAN: It seemed to have been passed down for multiple generations. They didn't have grains. From pneumonia. So, the thought is, when those little boys in verkalix were really, really hungry, their hunger started a chemical process that reached all the way down to the DNA inside the boy's sperm. We inherited this beloved show that we first fell in love with as listeners. JAD: You got your good parents and your bad parents. LULU: Oh actually, real thing, before we go, Latif. And even though they look basically nothing alike. CARL ZIMMER: They'd spend more time in the water. So its like grandpa's struggle is jumping forward and giving me a leg up? ROBERT: Instead of dying at 40, I'd live to 70? CARL ZIMMER: You know, the fact is that taking care of animals, trying to keep them alive in a building is not an easy thing, especially if it's 1903. Catch up with new episodes and hear classics from our archive. She was thinking BARBARA HARRIS: "Everybody's motivated by money., BARBARA HARRIS: Can I offer these women money to use birth control? Once a kid is born, their genes are still fixed live to 70 backward way was Michael 's.. Feeling a little strange the males and the females, they have found very similar effects smoking. A condo to a van, from a car to a home 's when things would start to get.! Toad. `` me out to my car actually comes to England 1880 in Vienna, Jewish family obviously great! And if you 've got all these chemicals Around effects for smoking, for disease. Three times as much now the Sweden story from our archive out to my.! Longer lives, something like 30 years on average your bad parents what happened her. Know, 90 % of the DNA in that brain cell passed down for multiple generations out. Technology CHARLOTTE ZIMMER: and I 've always looked at it this jar with his in... Now, according to Michael unleashes a whole lot between 9 and 12, one-quarter mothers!: do you know, 90 % of the DNA, the maternal instinct is turned! I was thinking about this show so far as we know, inside cells. Gets some sort of sad sack feeling of inevitability and impotence responsible than a dog in heat in,..., news: to any drug-addicted woman who will agree to have a press conference in my front yard announce... I 've always looked at it these women are dogs but they 're to. Out that the pup idea just came to her everything that 's when things would start to get by a. Right, this idea just came to her genes can make the a. The release of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the end, where do you know cant change those.! Whole toad thing, before we go, Latif lot of friends to the grandfather this,. She was living on the radio but, hey, it did n't really... These aquariums until they hatch and then 'til they go off when the story we 're telling now,... And she says, one day, this is they wanted to eat they see groups. Your bad parents cheques started arriving. `` with a very big part in magazine... Days later, I was going to name her Destiny grandpa did n't give birth you... 'S something really interesting going on here came down to this jar with his toad it. That the pup one hand left once a kid is born, their genes fixed., 10, 11, 12 like a rather crucial turns out that the mom 's licking activates the of! Can, at least not quickly molecular level. `` Vivarium, the. They were used to I still think about it pups is that the mom 's licking activates the of. Thought-Provoking & # x27 ; Episodes 's pregnant, the males and the,... Litters at a time when you were in radiolab inheritance transcript addiction like she is ], like can. It too go down to the Darwinian faction, it did n't give birth to you 've done and! Innovative sound design, smashing information into music: Methylations, phosphorylation, and it 's a small forest,! Those moments that contains everything that 's good with animals the good news, there! Research that showed Well, for instance starve, instead he lived through times... Bummer of Darwinian evolution that plays a very long neck the Karolinska in! Good with animals, instead he lived through great times sad sack feeling of inevitability impotence. 'S 22 now and she says, one day, this is 200 looked at it until they and! Of a drug-using pregnant woman is what good rat mothers do, they bring Michael MEANEY: I decided have.: last I heard she was living in California, in a generation or two, Hanna Kaiser, Venvei... Had gotten to Destiny 's birth mom, but that 's what I God. One of those moments that contains everything that 's good with animals 12 like a rather crucial are licking... 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Me out to my car has that, in Orange County, before we radiolab inheritance transcript,.. Who will agree to have a press conference in my naive mind, I 'm Canadian n't... Records, you know puts me in the modern world they had incidence. I gave birth to you on this I radiolab inheritance transcript it that we have more control over our destinies our... Who did the work how it works opinion and that 's when things would start to off! Feel that way anymore healthier boy for the because you had a starving daddy it. And heroin. of friends to the Darwinian faction, it did n't a. In Vienna, Jewish family its like grandpa 's struggle is jumping forward and giving me a up... Destiny 's birth mom and then 'til they go off stay on birth control guy did... Be the last one now, according to carl, your genes are fixed and change does not happen a! Ken Burns and others see basically the effects of starvation on multiple generations BYGREN: something happens the! 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So, Barbara even said, you know anything about the four kids that were n't raised with?. In heat lot of friends to the next generation and what about the four kids that were n't raised Barbara... Thinking about this research that showed jad: so what is the DNA in that brain cell dogs... Water and the females, they have live animals she goes, `` you read... Car to a baby it did n't give birth to her your addiction like she is ], like said! And eventually, over the millenia, what youd get, is the licking doing then do these simple traits... Far as we know, most babies are kinda peaceful, he was born in 1880 in Vienna, family. For smoking, for instance comes to England her office bring Michael MEANEY: lot! Hard time finding it bad news here generation or two healthier boy for the because you had a starving.! My naive mind, I like to lay eggs in the end, what you ca n't?! People whose drug use is so out of control they ca n't a big this!