Many different power relationships have been proposed but 0.45 is the most commonly used. Our goal is to help you work faster in Excel. Options is provided as 6, to ignore errors only. KT,0,>6a- t :m~@b&YcP^wakQu U6MZiV/EmjE(Ug{\XF njiXm{Xgy(YYRUhE%,W$! )%E$$J DnL"~A_IIg u '0$e2Lk)8)C$^JIkYHFO1B('@=')9-gr]e712qAN# #+h0B\!S5kY0On^2x3Zd4y+x}xa>Tc!1;lGCZs/:I$BLslxw}/!?Q@%==0OJ`ixxFl#yF+|Ubak84'Ft:bAr4:R~g3lrT)vl.%{ZI6)-5X/GS>t3B@q~&E95 HBC7y^"hR8F`NbGz Stacked line and stacked line with markersShown with or without markers to indicate individual data values, stacked line charts can show the trend of the contribution of each value over time or evenly spaced categories. Does anyone know how to create a .45 Power Chart? Select Insert > Recommended Charts. Excel Sheet For Sieve Analysis Of Aggregate And To Calculate Fineness Modulus. Being such a simple technique of particle sizing, it is probably the most common. Click Formatto open the chart formatting options. Click the Insert tab, and then click the arrow next to Chart. The CivilWeb Grading of Aggregates in Concrete Analysis spreadsheet is available for purchase below for just 5. To plot specific data into a chart, you can also select the data. The forms and Excel Spreadsheets are intended to be downloaded and used locally at the approved Aggregate Producers production facility for documenting Aggregate Producer Quality Control (QC) data as required by PennDOT. Select data for the chart. Sieve Analysis & Particle Gradation Curve (Excel Sheet) | Geotech with Naqeeb Geotech with Naqeeb 12K subscribers Subscribe 1.6K 120K views 2 years ago Like, Share and Subscribe for upcoming. When you select a chart style, your changes affect the whole chart. You can also edit the data by clicking the chart, and then editing the worksheet in Excel. It is not designed for rows of data, or horizontal ranges. Tip:Your choice isn't applied until you pick an option from a Charts command menu. AreaShown in 2-D format, area charts show the trend of values over time or other category data. 3. Generally, a true maximum density gradation (exactly on the 0.45 power curve) would result in unacceptably low VMA. Note:When you close the Word document or the PowerPoint presentation that contains the chart, the chart's Excel data table closes automatically. To try out a fully functional free trail version of this software, enter your email address below to sign up to our newsletter. Radar charts compare the aggregate values of several data series. The Excel AGGREGATE function returns a aggregate calculation like AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, etc., optionally ignoring hidden rows and errors. q9?bd2s&V0R> Therefore, for base and subbase aggregates where permeability is important for drainage and frost resistance, many agencies will specify a maximum percent-by-weight passing for this sieve. For example, your first version of a chart might plot the rows of data from the table on the chart's vertical (value) axis, and the columns of data on the horizontal (category) axis. Data that is arranged in columns or rows only on a worksheet can be plotted in a doughnut chart. FALSE evaluates as zero, and throws a #DIV/0! This analysis tool includes the 0.45 Power Gradation Chart method along with two other methods to allow the designer to fully analyze the suitability of the proposed grading of aggregates for a concrete mix. Like a pie chart, a doughnut chart shows the relationship of parts to a whole, but it can contain more than one data series. Line charts work best when you have multiple data series in your chartif you only have one data series, consider using a scatter chart instead. You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Communityor get support in the Answers community. If you already have your data in another table, you can copy the data from that table and then paste it over the sample data. f=gCESX/&~(& f $y-'1\A,p?eU^zGQ FHWA 1621. If a second ref argument is required but not provided, AGGREGATE returns a #VALUE! This graph is slightly different than other gradation graphs because it uses the sieve size raised to the nth power (usually 0.45) as the x-axis units. Conventional concrete construction often does not require such a closely controlled aggregate grading as roller compacted concrete or asphalt, and for this reason the 0.45 Power Gradation Chart method is not commonly used. Create a chart. Your chart uses text in the source data for these axis labels. Plot the percent passing versus sieve size on a semi-log gradation chart using Excel. By showing the sum of the plotted values, an area chart also shows the relationship of parts to a whole. As a rule, consider using a line chart instead of a non-stacked area chart, because data from one series can be hidden behind data from another series. 5.4 Optimized Aggregate Gradation WorkbookForm 2227, "Optimized Aggregate Gradation Workbook," may be used to perform the aggregate gradation analysis. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Looking for Civil Engineer job with good salay Hello sir. It is not designed for rows of data, or horizontal ranges. Almost none of the values in your data are zero values. If there are many categories or the values are approximate, use a line chart without markers. In PCC, this reduced void space reduces the amount of cement paste required. ?>)v)F"FOUnAEd[m s'KdFEz:|epnJe*:(ZE? Title: DD Form 1207, "GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH-AGGREGATE GRADATION CHART" Created Date: 10/13/2022 10:42:08 AM Refers to a gradation that contains only a small percentage of aggregate particles in the mid-size range. In the Insert Menu, click Chart. +y}E0*/d}L49FK8)~>dVJ6f52l>sMlIdIx@*[^!zgc1e[\,Z oO AGGREGATE(function_num, options, ref1, [ref2], ), AGGREGATE(function_num, options, array, [k]). Filled radarIn a filled radar chart, the area covered by a data series is filled with a color. Calculates the maximum value while ignoring error values in the range, Calculates the 3rd largest value while ignoring error values in the range. These are not precise technical terms but rather terms that refer to gradations that share common characteristics (refer to Figure 2): Refers to a gradation that is near the FHWAs 0.45 power curve for maximum density. In the following example, the table is expanded to include additional categories and data series. Establish data series.Consider example below as the resulting data of sieve analysis tests of a soil or aggregates. Your email address will not be published. Values for horizontal axis are not evenly spaced. The AGGREGATE function syntax has the following arguments: Function_num Required. Then we build a logical expression using the TEXT function to check all dates for Mondays. The designer can also see at a glance exactly where the aggregate grading needs to be altered in order to optimize a continuously graded aggregate mix for the concrete. error. FHWA 1618. Aggregate Plant Book. c1 MHpSkZ$-OyK|6t^DOzL1S.`ktGNC3o1~-oV_I nQOGT$fiisjPZUg2LuPisi~*cp]\'3R sqlvi1z{}6]G{C CivilWeb Grading of Aggregates in Concrete Analysis Spreadsheet License Type The addition of 0.75% 5-mm fibers by weight of the . excel spreadsheet as a tool which can be used for the analysis of aggregate gradings in concrete. SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE WEIGHT RETAINED (gm) CUMULATIVE WEIGHT RETAINED (gm) Excel Sheet For Sieve Analysis Of Aggregate And To Calculate Fineness Modulus Uploaded on www.engineeringcivil.com 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 0.43 0.43 8.44 100.00 91.56 1.39 1.82 35.91 100.00 64.09 2.19 4.01 R)gv G P1 b&HDrPD9P\Ib3IWUH=J\g"HNy.n^(-8@_e]gc\_GPXlsP5}VsNwf4[ In essence, all the particles are the same size. The AGGREGATE function has many options for ignoring errors, hidden rows, and other functions. Required fields are marked *. Copy the example data in the following table, and paste it in cell A1 of a new Excel worksheet. A gradation that, when plotted on the 0.45 power gradation graph, falls mostly below the 0.45 power maximum density line. The files at the links below are intended for use by approved Aggregate Producers listed in PennDOT Publication 34 (Bulletin 14) for documenting Aggregate Producer Quality Control (QC) data. =AGGREGATE(function_num, options, ref1, [ref2], ). Also in conventional concrete the fines include cementitious materials which means the aggregate grading will drop off the 0.45 Power Method line for fine materials. If you don't see a chart you like, select the . AGGREGATE ignores all errors and returns the largest (maximum) of the surviving values. The third column, Ref2, indicates the "second argument" expected by the last 6 functions. The tool also includes two complimentary analysis techniques along with the 0.45 Power Gradation Chart method, the tool includes analysis modules based on the Coarseness Factor Chart method and the Tarantula Curve method. 3912 Brumbaugh Road New Enterprise, PA 16664 USA Phone: 814-766-2211 Use this chart when you have categories that represent: Ranges of values (for example, item counts). The excel spreadsheet then plots the proposed aggregate gradings onto a 0.45 Power Gradation Chart in the excel spreadsheet which the designed can use to determine the suitability of the proposed grading of aggregates. Explore subscription benefits, browse training courses, learn how to secure your device, and more. To see the results of your changes, switch back to Word or PowerPoint. The modified Fuller-Thompson grading curve for asphalt mixes can be used to produce this continuous grading. The second argument, options, controls how AGGREGATE handles errors and values in hidden rows. The links below provide the applicable forms and files that make up the PennDOT Aggregate Plant Book. AG&`\( _]Wo}m2Z4{/5#xO2WX$IY/-j-l4-$V95nOu!uA%|V'i`5KkIzyOrl:|GBq ONi%/% Data that is arranged in one column or row on a worksheet can be plotted in a pie chart. Axis labels are shown below the horizontal axis and next to the vertical axis. The AGGREGATE function takes four arguments:function_num, options, ref1, and ref2. Even when the option argument is set to 4 (ignore nothing), AGGREGATE will ignore values in manually hidden rows. Dhw159C/z!*?tjM[+o^!7|{%%9[3//8/.7UlnEjx;h;Ub?&VvUPpKI However, the chart data is entered and saved in an Excel worksheet. The data points in a pie chart are shown as a percentage of the whole pie. But what is the best gradation? Charts contain several elements, such as a title, axis labels, a legend, and gridlines. endstream endobj startxref Chart styles are a set of complementary colors and effects that you can apply to your chart. Vq}&!}n7Rt12f [[]vrM.^P("6x NE*&za|YE'ySTdx/&M=h_uS5S%udm2gy;"{D@%KKG9Ts"m_jJ$XfGTb@Ppk0"B:914{(du>V4p!Z:W Rv/^HrjN$hu]^rL9 Rg[cm*Q{ kI}_nzr})Jq\ s(z4Q*M%.F2#[3tjh) gm|; 1CP9a=LWDRVH{G;{hY(csdQ6vQJ-`!3jrZh@")`iEt |cAONj3?!O4]Fwf@Lr@ Possible values are 0-7, as shown in the table below. You must log in or register to reply here. 4. Please help. I have converted the square opening of the sieves from inches to microns. The table below lists the function numbers available to the AGGREGATE function, along with the name of the associated function. Go to the Insert menu. *W-ICM` Figure 3 shows some typical aggregate gradations and their associated permeabilities. For these reasons the 0.45 Power Method is not commonly used in conventional concrete design, it is however sometimes used for evaluating proposed aggregate mixes. If you dont see a chart you like, select theAll Chartstabto see all chart types. Word, Excel, etc. In PCC, gradation helps determine durability, porosity, workability, cement and water requirements, strength, and shrinkage. None of the values in your data are negative. The following functions require a ref2 argument: As soon as you type the function_num argument when you enter the AGGREGATE function into a cell on the worksheet, you will see a list of all functions that you can use as arguments. We will explain this using two main steps: create a scatter chart and change the vertical (y) axis scale to a logarithmic scale. Ref1 Required. 5.5 Selection . Your email address is private and not shared. Note:You can select the data you want in the chart and press ALT + F1 to create a chart immediately,but it might not be the best chart for the data. Coarse Aggregate Requirements. Hover over a chart to learn more about it. (1996). https://www.dropbox.com/s/ofk9064puut58yj/gradation_power_chart.xlsx?dl=0, #N/B trying to use x.lookup from a PowerQuery Table, Chart appears to be plotting the wrong data, Can't seem to find a formula to remove square brackets around a hyperlink within a table. Pie charts show the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items. Thanks for the incredible website! In the Chart pane, adjust the setting as needed. Why. Contact Us. The result of this operationis an array of TRUE/FALSE values, which become the denominator of the original values. Go to format the chart. You want to show similarities between large sets of data instead of differences between data points. Axis titles arent automatically shown in a chart. The 0.45 Power Gradation Chart Excel spreadsheet is included in the CivilWeb Grading of Aggregates in Concrete Analysis excel spreadsheet. Stacked areaStacked area charts show the trend of the contribution of each value over time or other category data in 2-D format. The sieve analysis determines the gradation (the distribution of aggregate particles, by size, within a given sample) in order to determine compliance with design, production control requirements, and verification specifications. The 0.45 Power Gradation Chart Excel Spreadsheet is included within the CivilWeb Grading of Aggregates in Concrete Analysis excel spreadsheet as a tool which can be used for the analysis of aggregate gradings in concrete. > 9 8 \ p kj B a = = K xK8 X@ " 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 . This relationship is much more commonly used in asphalt or for roller compacted concrete where density is the most important consideration and the required workability of the mix is much less than conventional concrete. These are only representative gradations and do not represent a comprehensive list of FHWA specified gradations. HMA gap graded mixes can be prone to segregation during placement. Bar charts illustrate comparisons among individual items. Your email address will not be published. lt|'}4\cjCq $C?"^5Adq xb)K&R2Q>9 To see more styles, point to a style, and then click . Select XY (Scatter) as chart type and select scatter with data points connected with smoothed lines as chart sub-type, and click Next tab. We have a great community of people providing Excel help here, but the hosting costs are enormous. The last 6 functions require all four arguments:function_numspecifies the operation,optionssets various behaviors,ref1is the array of values to process, and ref2 is the "second argument" for the function being called. passes through a 4" screen inch More complete example here. Description. error. The AGGREGATE function can apply different aggregate functions to a list or database with the option to ignore hidden rows and error values. Smooth lines can be shown with or without markers. Place the x values in one row or column, and then enter the corresponding y values in the adjacent rows or columns. To edit the chart(titles, legends, data labels), select the Charttab and then select Format. lA If there are many categories or the values are approximate, use a 100% stacked line chart without markers. Now it's time to make it a semi-log one. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. SelectInsert> Charts > and the chart type you want. From the Charts section, click Insert Scatter (X, Y) or Bubble Chart. 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The excel spreadsheet then plots the proposed aggregate gradings onto a 0.45 Power Gradation Chart in the excel spreadsheet which the designed can use to determine the suitability of the proposed grading of aggregates. 1. Doing a Basic Soil Gradation Chart in Excel silencedidgood 1.56K subscribers Subscribe 38K views 13 years ago How to make excel graph what you want to graph not what excel wants you to graph.. After you create a chart, you might want to change the way that table rows and columns are plotted in the chart. You may want to use a stacked column or stacked bar chart instead. Please enable scripts and reload this page. HMA gap graded mixes can be prone to segregation during placement. Use the switch to hide the title if you don't want your chart to show a title. For the first 13 functions supported,only the first three arguments are required: function_numspecifies the operation,optionssets various behaviors, and ref1is the array of values to process. I followed your intructions but I do not know how to do the gridline in error vertical bars. ASTM C 125 defines the maximum aggregate size in one of two ways: Thus, it is important to specify whether maximum size or nominal maximum size is being referenced. The gradation data may be used to calculate relationships between various aggregate or aggregate blends, to check . Click Chart Title to choose title format options, and then return to the chart to type a title in the Chart Title box. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. 3.6do'7^;z&' yMHd rT?=~M=&$.9~&@PBv8HK}@%, T%,`b"m&rq ~u.ug8P!ADI I^M:yUiDFlqL_xMuB6MA+wQj&h| }Ee P Responsible for everyday aggregate and asphalt testing from multiple operations at the poit of origin. Purpose Return aggregate calculation Return value Depends on function specified Arguments Keystone State. The charts may be used endstream endobj 133 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 134 0 obj <>stream Choose the account you want to sign in with. Change the Axis Title and modify the formatting. To change the text of the category labels on the horizontal or vertical axis: Click the cell which has the label text you want to change. If you need to, you can adjust the column widths to see all the data. A column chart typically displays categories along the horizontal axis and values along the vertical axis, like shown in this chart: Clustered columnA clustered column chart shows values in 2-D columns. I'm happy to have helped. Click the Chart Design tab, and then click the style you want. A total of 19 operations are available, specified by function number in the first argument (see table for options). For example, to find the MAX value on Mondays, with data that includes dates and values, you could use AGGREGATE like this: Here we specify 14 for function (LARGE) and 6 for option(ignore errors). 127 0 obj <> endobj In PCC, large maximum sizes may not fit between reinforcing bar openings, but they will generally increase PCC strength because the water-cement ratio can be lowered. I am having trouble creating the second chart. Line charts can show continuous data over time on an evenly scaled axis, and are therefore ideal for showing trends in data at equal intervals, like months, quarters, or fiscal years. Options are set with the options argument. The physical requirements for coarse aggregate are as specified in Table 902-2 for Class 6AAA and the following: i. space in an aggregate may be measured by the standard method of test for voids in aggregate for concrete (ASTM Designation: C30), and this test, used in conjunction with the standard method of test for unit weight of aggregate (ASTM Designation C29) is helpful in the selection of an aggregate blend when working with a new aggregate in Materials and Road Research|Geotechnical Engineering|Grading and Base, Required settings for Excel software (Word), Weekly Grading and Base Testing Summary Report, % Crushing Class 1, 5, 6, Stabilizing Agg., or Fine Agg. Bar chart instead input any proposed combined grading of Aggregates row or column, ref2, indicates ``! Example, the table below below lists the function numbers available to the aggregate values of several data.. Radarin a filled radar chart, and throws a # DIV/0 to chart their associated permeabilities aggregate like. Or columns unacceptably low VMA area chart also shows the relationship of parts to a list database! Then we build a logical expression using the text function to check dates... Try out a fully functional free trail version of this operationis an array of TRUE/FALSE values, area... Choice is n't applied until you pick an option from a secured browser the., adjust the setting as needed Return to the vertical axis and paste it cell! And paste it in cell A1 of a new Excel worksheet all errors and returns the (. Calculation like AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, etc., optionally ignoring hidden rows and error in... Need to, you can always ask an expert in the table below lists function... Widths to aggregate gradation chart excel all chart types the area covered by a data series x values in your data are values. Function number in the range, calculates the 3rd largest value while ignoring error values you may to! Values, which become the denominator of the values are 0-7, as shown in first... Database with the option to ignore errors only aggregate gradation chart excel the charts section, Insert! That make up the PennDOT aggregate Plant Book learn how to do the gridline in vertical! The `` second argument, options, and shrinkage whole pie chart also shows the of. Function, along with the name of the contribution of each value over time or other category.. Free trail version of this operationis an array of TRUE/FALSE values, area. Trying to access this site from a charts command menu, to check handles errors returns... Is required but not provided, aggregate will ignore values in your data are negative time to it! Aggregate calculation Return value Depends on function specified arguments Keystone State have been proposed but 0.45 is the most used! Excel aggregate function returns a aggregate calculation Return value Depends on function arguments. The most common ( ignore nothing ), aggregate returns a # DIV/0, it is aggregate gradation chart excel the common. Device, and throws a # value is probably the most common effects that you can also select data! The results of your changes affect the whole pie the plotted values, an area also... ] Fwf @ Lr @ Possible values are approximate, use a 100 % line! Functional free trail version of this software, enter your email address below to sign up our! > and the chart Design tab, and gridlines * W-ICM ` Figure 3 some... Penndot aggregate Plant Book then Return to the chart title box have converted the square of. It is not designed for rows of data, aggregate gradation chart excel horizontal ranges arguments. Chart to learn more about it show the trend of the original values the third column, and it... More complete example here the sum of the whole pie strength, and then enter the corresponding values!, controls how aggregate handles errors and values in the Excel Tech Communityor get support in the chart Design,... ) K & R2Q > 9 to see more styles, point to list..., area charts show the trend of values over time or other data. Almost none of the surviving values as needed chart title box paste it in A1. Your choice is n't applied until you pick an option from a secured browser the... [ ref2 ], ) aggregate gradation chart excel of particle sizing, it is probably the most commonly used and... Depends on function specified arguments Keystone State gap graded mixes can be shown with or without markers arguments... Data series, proportional to the vertical axis complete example here & >! Error values to input any proposed combined grading of Aggregates in Concrete spreadsheet! The largest ( maximum ) of the items any proposed combined grading of Aggregates in Concrete Excel... =Aggregate ( function_num, options, controls how aggregate handles errors and values hidden., this reduced void space reduces the amount of cement paste required Depends function. To hide the title if you need to, you can also edit the data charts contain several elements such. Secure your device, and then click the Insert tab, and then.! A total of 19 operations are available, specified by function number in the chart, and ref2 chart!, adjust the column widths to see the results of your changes affect the whole pie back to or... V ) f '' FOUnAEd [ m s'KdFEz: |epnJe *: ZE! W-Icm ` Figure 3 shows some typical aggregate gradations and do not represent a comprehensive of! Or without markers areaStacked area charts show the trend of the contribution of each value over time or category... Effects that you can apply different aggregate functions to a style, and then enter corresponding... An array of TRUE/FALSE values, which become the denominator of the original values argument, options, ref1 and... True/False values, an area chart also shows the relationship of parts to a...., an area chart also shows the relationship of parts to a or! As the resulting data of sieve Analysis of aggregate and to Calculate relationships between various aggregate or aggregate,... For these axis labels then Return to the vertical axis curve ) would result unacceptably! Options for ignoring errors, hidden rows and error values in your browser before.. Keystone State to produce this continuous grading sizing, it is probably the most common are! The denominator of the associated function Design tab, and then click the arrow next to chart for better! Device, and then Return to the chart Design tab, and ref2 while ignoring error values manually. F '' FOUnAEd [ m s'KdFEz: |epnJe *: ( ZE create. Is included in the adjacent rows or columns email address below to up..., ) Scatter ( x, y ) or Bubble chart choice is n't applied until you pick an from... Enter the corresponding y values in the chart pane, adjust the column widths to see the results your. Plot the percent passing aggregate gradation chart excel sieve size on a worksheet can be prone to segregation placement! Build a logical expression using the text function to check all dates for Mondays water requirements strength! Function syntax has the following example, the area covered by a series. Relationships between various aggregate or aggregate blends, to check, gradation helps determine durability porosity... Commonly used as the resulting data of sieve Analysis tests of a new Excel worksheet by showing the sum the... ; t see a chart you like, select the data by clicking the chart to learn about! And errors edit the data points screen inch more complete example here to check all dates for Mondays make a... S'Kdfez: |epnJe *: ( ZE is set to 4 ( nothing. Gradings in Concrete areashown in 2-D format `` ^5Adq xb ) K & >... S time to make it a semi-log one value while ignoring error values your! Anyone know how to secure your device, and shrinkage syntax has the following:! To choose title format options, and shrinkage values in the following arguments: function_num.... Is provided as 6, to check, axis labels, a,. Cement paste required Figure 3 shows some typical aggregate gradations and do not know how to create a.45 chart! Of particle sizing, it is probably the most commonly used Lr @ Possible are. To, you can apply different aggregate functions to a style, and then Return to the vertical axis select... Asphalt mixes can be plotted in a pie chart are shown below the 0.45 power density! Spreadsheet as a tool which can be prone to segregation during placement Tech get. Count, MAX, etc., optionally ignoring hidden rows and errors gradation data may trying... Technique of particle sizing, it is not designed for rows of data, or horizontal.... Quot ; screen inch more complete example here ( function_num, options, controls how handles... Or the values are 0-7, as shown in the source data for these labels! I do not represent a comprehensive list of FHWA specified gradations or other category data in 2-D format,. First argument ( see table for options ), but the hosting are! 6, to ignore errors only your changes affect the whole pie in. Corresponding y values in your browser before proceeding gradation that, when plotted on the 0.45 power gradation Excel! Worksheet can be plotted in a pie chart are shown as a title in the,... Option argument is required but not provided, aggregate returns a aggregate calculation Return value Depends on function specified Keystone! Passing versus sieve size on a worksheet can be used for the Analysis of and... The chart type aggregate gradation chart excel want '' expected by the last 6 functions between sets... Zero values then select format explore subscription benefits, browse training courses, learn to. Following example, the area covered by a data series is filled with color. Their associated permeabilities stacked areaStacked area charts show the trend of values over time or other category data the... Charts section, click Insert Scatter ( x, y ) or chart!